2015年职称英语考试理工类练习题（四）
单项选择题
1、 As both a religion and a social force, Puritanism has made a widespread influence in the United States.
A．a far-reaching
B．a disturbing
C．an annoying
D．a favorable
2、Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful articles in the market.
A．batteries
B．bargains
C．baskets
D．barrels
3、阅读材料，回答题：
The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lanterns hung at harbor en-trances. The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts bay Colony in 1716 on Little brew-ster Island at the entrance to boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by "light dues" levied (征收) on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. Until then there were only adozen or sotrue lighthouses in the colonies. Little over acentury later, there were 700 lighthouses.
The first eight lighthouses erected on the West Coast in the 1850s featured the same basicNew England design:aCape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing closeby. In New England and elsewhere, though, lighthouses reflected avariety of architectural styles.
Since most stations in the Northeast were set up on rocky eminences (高处), enormous towerswere not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others of wood or metal. Some stood onpilings or stilts; some were fastened to rock with iron rods. Farther south, from Maryland throughthe FloridA．Keys, the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there--massive structures like the majesticlighthouse in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina,which was lit in1870. 190 feet high, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.
Not withstanding differences in construction appearance, most lighthouses in Americasharedseveral features : alight, living quarters, and sometimes abell ( or, later, afoghorn). They alsohad something else in common: akeeper and usually the keeper's family. The keeper's essentialtask was trimming the lantern wick (灯芯) in order to maintain asteady, bright flame. The earli-est keepers came from every walk of life, they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough millhands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums.
After the administration of lighthouse was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouseboard, and agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly profes-sional.
Which is the best title for the passage?
A．The Lighthouse on Little brewster Island.
B．The Life of aLighthouse Keeper.
C．Early Lighthouses in the United States.
D．The Modem Profession of Lighthouse-keeping.
4、 If no one objects, Mr. ben will be the next chairman.
A．disagrees
B．approves
C．rejects
D．refuses
5、 What were the effects of the decision she had made?
A．reasons
B．results
C．causes
D．bases
6、回答题：
A Star Is Born
1. The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world's largest telescope ( 望远镜) and is taking astronomers (天文学家 ) further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. Located 2,600 metres up io the Chilean Andes, it has four huge mirrors, each about the size of a London bus. The VLT is so powerful it can spot a burning match 10,000 kilometres away.
2. This astonishing power will allow astronomers to see events in space from the birth of stars to the collision ( 碰撞 ) of galaxies ( 星系 ) on the edge of the cosmos ( 宇宙 ). The VLT is giving astronomers their best-ever view of the cosmos. The power of the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed.
3. Take the case of Eta Carinae, one of the most explosive stars in the universe. This star produces ultraviolet laser rays ( 紫外线 ) and it will destroy itself in a few million years' time. It is five times brighter than the sun and when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth waiting for!
4. But it is at distances of millions, even billions, of light years that the VLT really shows its power. The VLT can detect light that set out on its journey before the earth even existed. This gives astronomers their first-ever detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos.
5. In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine. It takes astronomers back to a time when complete galaxies crashed into each other. The effects of these past collisions can now be seen by scientists, and astronomers believe the telescope will reveal more about these exciting events in the years to come. One day, we might be able to say we have traveled back to the beginning of time, and we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.
Paragraph 1__________
A．Enents that Took Place before the Earth Existed
B．Power of the Telescope
C．Details of Eta Carinae
D．Invention of a Time Machine
E．Biggest Telescope
7、 根据以下材料回答题：
The Development of Personality
Personality is to large extent inherent. A-type parents usually bring A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up ( 浸泡 ) A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: Remember that Philippines, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying, "Rejoice, We conquer!"
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure i positively
harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to hide possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively form A-type stock. B's ar important and should be encouraged.
In line 2, Para. 2 the word "institution" refers to__________
A．establishment
B．social custom
C．law
D．school
8、 My father is a physician．
A．researcher
B．professor
C．doctor
D．student
9、 根据以下材料回答题：
The Function of Adverts
Most people would protably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream. By picturing quite unusually happy and glamorous people whose success in either career or sexual terms, or both, is obvious, adverts construct an imaginary world in which the reader is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in his or her everyday life.
An advert for a science fiction magazine is unusually explicit about this. In addition to the primary use value of the magazine, the reader is promised access to a wonderful universe through the product-access to other mysterious and tantalizing worlds and epochs, the realms of the imagination. When studying advertising, it is therefore unreasonable to expect readers to decipher adverts as factual statements about reality. Most adverts are just too meager in informative content and too rich in emotional suggestive detail to b read literally. If people read them literally, they would soon be forced to realize their error when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn't materialize.
The average consumer is not surprised that his purchase of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement, for this is what he is used to in life: the individual's pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain. But the fantasy is his to keep; in his dream world he enjoys a "future endlessly deferred" .
The Estivalia advert company is quite explicit about the fact that advertising shows us not reality, but a fantasy; it does so by openly admitting the daydream but in a way which insists on the existence of a bridge linking daydream to reality-Estivalia, which is "for daydream believers", those who refuse to give up trying to make the hazy ideal of natural beauty and harmony come true.
If adverts function on the daydream level, it clearly becomes inadequate to merely condemn advertising for channeling readers' attention and desires towards unrealistic, paradisiacal ( 天堂似得 ) nowhere land. Advertising certainly does that, but in order for people to find it relevant, the Utopia ( 乌托邦 ) visualized in adverts must be linked to our surrounding reality by a causal connection.
The people in adverts are in most cases__________
A．glamorous
B．arrogant
C．obvious
D．sexy
10、 The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10％．
A．return
B．realize
C．increase
D．double
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