2015年职称英语考试卫生类练习题（四）
单项选择题
1、阅读材料，回答题：
Sunbath and Skin Cancer
In the summer, millions of Americans will offer up their bodies to the sun rays. A tan indi-cates health and beauty, and most sun worshippers will sacrifice a lot to achieve it, includingthemselves.
With each hour, the sun's ultraviolet radiation (紫外线) produces irreversible ( 不可逆的)damage, hastening the development of unsightly wrinkles. And with each year on the beach or roof-top, the sunbather increases his risk of getting skin cancer. Skin cancer is by far the most commonform of cancer. An estimated 400,000 new cases will be detected this year in the United States,and almost all of them can be blamed on over-exposure to the sun.
Fortunately, most of these cancers are highly curable. But they can he disfiguring and taketime to treat. For that reason, sun worshippers should treat deity with a good deal of awe (敬畏).Sunburn, of course, is the initial hazard posed by UV radiation. Prolonged exposure to UV, howev-er, interferes with the production of collagen fibers ( 胶原纤维) in the dermis ( 真皮层 ), causingthe skin to lose elasticity( 弹性 )and creating premature wrinkles. Further deterioration(恶化) of
the dermis deprives the epidermis(表皮层) of nutrition and causes it to become thin and dry.
Cancer is UV's final result. Shortwave radiant energy, especially from the UV-B band, breaksthe strands(股、缕)of DNA. Enzymes(酶) work constantly to rearrange the DNA into proper se-quence, but with repeated UV exposure,the repair process may eventually break down. Then themutant(变异的) DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells. But skin cancer may be avoided witha good dose of common sense. People with fair skin and blue eyes who burn easily stand the high-est risk. Special danger spots are the parts of the body most constantly exposed to the sun, such as
the cheeks,nose lower lip and the ears. People who have already developed precancerous( 癌变前的)lesions(伤害)or had one skin-cancer growth stand a greatly increased chance of developingothers.
Dermatologists(皮肤科医生) recommend avoiding the sun when it is mos intense between11 a. m. and 3 p. m. Anyone who insists on sunbathing should use a good sun screen. These lotionsand salves (药膏) contain chemicals that block out the burning UVB radiation while permitting thetanning rays to reach the skin.
According to the passage, over-exposure to the sun may result in
A．the wrinkles that cannot be seen
B．the skin cancer
C．all kinds of sacrifices
D．healthful beauty
2、根据内容回答题。
Trying to Find a Partner
One of the most striking findings of a recent poll in the UK is that of the people interviewed, one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.
Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships? Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love? Or are we making it harder for ourselves?
It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit,fit in different ways from relation- ships. Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status. A man doesn't expect his spouse to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his children.
But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.
In theory, finding a partner should be much simpler these days. Only a few generations ago, your choice of soulmate (,L'J2Jk) was constrained by geography, social convention and family tradition. Although it was never explicit, many marriages were essentially arranged.
Now those barriers have been broken down. You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening. When the world is your oyster (牡蛎), you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.
But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint: the tyranny of choice.
The expectations of partners are inflated to an unmanageable degree : good looks, impressive salary, kind to grandmother, and right socks. There is no room for error in the first impression.
We think that a relationship can be perfect. If it isn't, it is disposable. We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship. Of course, this is complicated by realities. The cost of housing and child-rea- ring creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership.
What does the recent poll show?
A．It is getting more difficult for a woman to find her husband.
B．It is getting increasingly difficult to start a family.
C．It is getting more difficult for a man to find his wife.
D．It is getting increasingly difficult to develop an intimate relationship with your spouse.
3、 I will take up teaching this September.
A．start
B．get off
C．capture
D．pick up
4、 Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full ability.
A．capacity
B．strength
C．length
D．possibility
5、回答题：
Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor
Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE in-hibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-flve years. A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.
Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been con-sidered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems. These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first thre months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent had major disorders.
ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects. So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.
New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans.But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Adminis-tration helped pay for the study. The F. D. A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.
Paragraph 2 __________
A．Effects of ACE and ACE Inhibitors
B．Wide Use of ACE Inhibitors
C．How to Deal with High Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women
D．Damage to Pregnant Women's Future Babies
E．Suggestions on Stopping the Use of ACE Inhibitors
F．Relative Safety for Women During the First Three Months of Pregnancies
6、请在（47）处填写正确答案。
A．A survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children concentrate on one sport.
B．Many of them completely lose interest in sports.
C．Very young kids don’t know why their parents are pushing them so hard.
D．The youth soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.
E．Sports for children have two important purposes.
F．But what about the others, the average kids?
7、Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.
A．slightly
B．partly
C．completely
D．faintly
8、 When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he uses a potentiallydeadly object to rob or do harm to another person，he will think twice about it．
A．passive
B．lifelong
C．unhappy
D．fatal
9、回答题。
Earthquakes and Animals
Scientists who try to predict earthquakes have gotten some new helper recently--animals. Animals often seem to know in advance that an earthquake is coming, and they show their fear by acting in strange ways. Before a quake ( 地震 ) in China in 1975 snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air. All the unusual behavior, as well as physical changes in earth, alerted (提醒 ) Chinese scientists to the coming quake. They moved people away from the danger zone and saved thousands of lives.
One task for scientists today is to learn exactly which types of animal behavior predict quakes. It is not an easy job. First of all, not every animal reacts to the danger of an earthquake. Just before a California quake in 1979, for example, an Arabian horse became very nervous and tried to break out of his stall. The horse next to him, however, remained perfectly calm. It is also difficult sometimes to tell the difference between normal animal calmness and "earthquake nerves." A zookeeper once told earthquake researchers that his cougar ( 美洲狮 ) had been acting strangely. It turned out that the cougar had a stomachache.
A second task for scientists is to find out exactly what kinds of warning the animals receive. They know that animals sense far more of the world than humans do. Many animals can see, eaand smell things that people do not even notice. Some can detect tiny changes in air pressurgravityor the magnetism (磁力 ) of earth. This extra sense probably helps animals predict earthquakes.
A good example of this occurred with a group of dogs. They were close in an area that was being shaken by a series of tiny earthquakes. Before each quake a low booming sound was heard. Each sound caused the dogs to bark (吠) wildly. The dogs began to bark during a silent period! A scientist who was recording the quakes looked at his machine. He realized that the dogs had reacted to a booming noise. They also sensed the tiny quake that followed it, The machine recorded both though humans felt and heard nothing.
In this case there was a machine to check what the dogs were sensing. Many times, however, our machines record nothing out of the ordinary, even though animals know a quake is coming. The animals might be sensing somethin we do measure but do not recognize as a warning. Discovering what animals sense, and learning how they know danger signals, is a job for future scientists.
During an earthquake in China in 1975, some cows had "earthquake nerves" and some remained calm.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
10、回答题。
Some Schooling on Backpacks
According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 5,900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors' offices last year for sprains ( 扭伤 ) and strains caused by backpacks. Such injures are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians as a potential clinical problem for children.
How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps (有垫的背带 ) and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.
How much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker ( 储物柜) to exchange books between classes.
Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground, but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.
Roller bags often don't fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use, 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.
About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
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