学位辅导：2014年成人学位英语考试语法辅导

(三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。

The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising.

他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。

I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.

我不喜欢你冲她的样子。

（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择

用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。

试比较：

A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.

我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。

I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.

我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。

B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.

我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。

I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.

我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。

C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。

This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.

这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。.

（五）定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，

它与先行词是同位关系。

The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.（定语从句）

刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。

The fact that he has already died is quite clear.（同位语从句）

他已去世了，这个事实很明了。

2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应句子成分，关系代词在从

句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时由where, when, how, who,whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。

The news that he told me is true. （定语从句）他告诉我的消息是真的。

The news that he has just died is true. （同位语从句）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。

The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.

(定语从句) 我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。

The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. （同位语从句）

我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。

The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （定语从句）

他提出的问题让我们很为难。

The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer. （同位语从句）

他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。

3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子,定语从句则不能。

A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. （同位语从句）

我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。

The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.

（同位语从句）

地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。

The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.

C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.（同位语从句）

请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。

The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.

虚拟语气

一．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：

动词形式 时间从句主句

与现在事实相反动词过去式(be的过去式用were)would(could/should/might)+动词原形

与过去事实相反had+动词过去分词would(could/should/might)+have过去分词

与将来事实可能相反动词过去式

should+动词原形

were to+动词原形would(could/should/might)+动词原形

1．表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：

If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth.

要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。（事实上我不是你）

If she had time, she would(could, might)help

me.如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。（事实上她没有时间）