职称英语考试综合类练习试题
2015年职称英语考试综合类练习题
单项选择题
1、下面的短文有5处空白，短文后面有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Stars in Their Eyes
The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos edited by David Levy, Macmillan, ￡20, ISBN 0333782933
Previous generations of seientists would have killed to know what we know. For the first time in history, we have a pretty good idea of the material content of the Universe, our position within it and how the whole thing came into being.
In these times of exploding knowledge there is a definite need to take stock and assemble what we know in a palatable (受欢迎的) form_________(46)
The essays in The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos have been selected by David Levy,co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, which in 1994 struck Jupiter with the violenee of several full-scale nuclear wars. _________(47) This is certainly a great collection of essays, but it is not, as the book promises, a seamless (完美的,无缝隙的) synthesis of our current knowledge.
Nobody can fault the range of articles Levy has included. There are essays on the planets,moons and assorted debris (碎片) in the Solar System, and on our Galaxy, the Milky Way. _________(48)
The contributors, too, are stars in their own fields. Not many books can boast eha'pters written by such giants as Erwin Sehrodinger and Francis Crick. My personal favorites are a piercingly clear essay by Albert Einstein on general relativity and an article by Alan Guth and Paul Stein- hardt on the inflationary (膨胀的) Universe.
So much for the book's content. But Levy has not succeeded in providing an accurate synthe-sis of our current knowledge of the eosmos, which the book jacket promises. Gathering together previously published articles inevitably leaves subject gaps, missing explanations and so on._________ (49) But there isn't one. In fact, surprisingly for a book so densely packed with infor-mation, there is no index.
Collecting essays in this way is clearly a good publishing wheeze (巧妙的注意). But this approach shortchanges the public, who would be better served by an account moulded into a seamless whole._________(50) However, for the next edition, please, please can we have an index?
46
A．Tegmark fears he may hold the record for the longest time taken to read one book.
B．In a more positive vein, this is a wonderful collection of essays to dip in and out of if you already have a good overview (概述) of current cosmic understanding.
C．Levy is an active astronomer and an accomplished writer, so you'd expect him to provide a broad and accurate picture of our current understanding of the cosmos.
D．Scientific American has attempted to cater to this need by bringing together essays that have appeared in the magazine.
E．To some extent, these could have been plugged with a glossary (词表). of terms.
F．Also included are contributions on the world of subatomic particles, the origin of life on the Earth and the possibility of its existence elsewhere.
2、根据以下材料，回答题。
What We Take From and Give to the Sea
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take things from the ocean, and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean--millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. (46) We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. (47) Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation.
Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. (48)Seaweed becomes food of many kinds--even candy, and ice cream--as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. (49)But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. (50) Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water we pour into it Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life. Yet as the world population grows, we may
need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our sea, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
请在第__(46)__处填上正确答案。
A．Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B．We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C．The area of the sea is becoming smaller anal smaller.
D．Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E．We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F．Some of its contents may cause illness.
3、The workers finally called off the strikes.
A．put off
B．ended
C．cancelled
D．participated in
4、根据以下材料，回答题。
Spacing in Animals
1 Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow man or other potential enemy to appro.ach only up to a given distance before it flees. "Flight distance" is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance--the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard's flight distance, on the other hand, is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
2 Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. "Critical distance" includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates the lion's critical distance, at which point the cornered lion reverses direction and begins slowly to stalk the man.
3 Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group--that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group--it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group.
4 Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short--apparently only a few yards among some animals, and quite long among others.
5 Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother's voice, social distance may be the length of her reach. This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo. When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shrinks. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of Small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
Paragraph 1
A．Philosophical distance
B．Flight distance
C．Social distance is determined in part by the situation
D．Critical distance
E．Social distance
F．Physical distance
5、 You should cultivate the habit of reading carefully.
A．invent
B．begin
C．develop
D．initiate
6、根据以下材料，回答题。
Protection of Wildlife
Demands for stronger pmtecti。n for wildlife in Britain s。me hide the fact that similar are felt ill the rest Eumpe.Studies by the Council of Europe，of which 21 countries a。e members,have shown that l percent of reptile speeies and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out EuroDean concem for wildlife was outlined by Dr.Peter Baum，an expert in the environent and nature res。urces division。f the c。uncil，when he spoke at a conference arranged by the ad-ministrators of a British national park.The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold thecouncil’s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality，and Dr.Peter Baum had come to present it to the park once again.He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks，and that those set up in the l960s and l970s could not be set up today.But Dr.Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in a peace in their own fight.
No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as tourist attraction，he went on.The short view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for thefuture.
“We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems，on which any built—up area ultimately
depends，”Dr.Baum went on，“We could manage without most industrial products，but we could not manage without nature.However，our natural environment areas，which are the original parts of our countryside，have shrunk to become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted landmass.’’
According to recent studies by the Council of Europe，we can learn that
A．it is only in Britain that wildlife Deeds more protection
B．all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out
C．there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere
D．certain species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting
7、 All information reported to or likewise obtained by the commission is considered confidential.
A．in a similar way
B．in another way
C．in a direct way
D．in an unauthorized way
8、阅读材料，回答题。
High Blood Pressure
There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is，in part，a familial disease．Since families have similar genes as well as similar environment，familial diseases could be due to shared genetic influences，to shared environmental factors，or to both．For some years，the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families，namely dietary salt，has been studied at Brook—haven National Laboratory．These studies suggest that chronic excess salt ingestion(摄取)can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals．Some individuals，however，and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure．No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments，some salt-fed animals never develop hypertension(高血压)whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertensions followed by early death．These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution．
By mating in successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion，a resistant strain(the R strain)has been evolved in which consumPtion of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly．In contrast，by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt，a sensitive strain(the S strain)has also been developed．
The availability of these two strains permits investigations not therefore possible．They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human developing methods by which genetic susceptibility(敏感性)of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance．
The main idea of this passage is__________．
A．Genetic constitution，or hereditary factor is all important factor that may underlie hypertension
B．Excessive use of salt may cause high blood pressure
C．Shared environmental factors may lead to familial disease
D．There are two different kinds of strains in animals which cause their different reactions to excess salt ingestion
9、The representation of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.
A．implementation
B．manifestation
C．demonstration
D．expedition
10、His professional career spanned 16 years.
A．started
B．changed
C．moved
D．lasted
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